Learn How to Derive Bose Einstein Statistics from Quantum Mechanics
Bose Einstein Statistics Derivation Pdf Download: A Tutorial
Bose Einstein statistics is one of the three types of quantum statistics that describe the behavior of identical particles in a system. It applies to particles that are bosons, which have integer spin and can occupy the same quantum state. Bose Einstein statistics leads to some remarkable phenomena, such as Bose Einstein condensation, superfluidity and superconductivity. In this article, we will explain how to derive Bose Einstein statistics from quantum mechanics and how to download a pdf file that contains the derivation and some examples.
Bose Einstein Statistics Derivation Pdf Download
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What is Bose Einstein Statistics?
Bose Einstein statistics is a way of counting the possible states of a system of N identical bosons in a volume V at a temperature T. The key assumption is that the bosons are indistinguishable, meaning that we cannot tell them apart by any physical measurement. This implies that the probability of finding a boson in a given state does not depend on the occupation of other states by other bosons. In other words, there is no exclusion principle for bosons.
To derive Bose Einstein statistics, we need to use the grand canonical ensemble, which is a statistical ensemble that allows for fluctuations in the number of particles and the energy of the system. The grand canonical ensemble is characterized by two parameters: the chemical potential μ, which measures the change in energy when a particle is added or removed from the system, and the inverse temperature β, which is related to the temperature T by β = 1/kBT, where kB is the Boltzmann constant.
The grand canonical partition function ZG is defined as the sum of the Boltzmann factors e-β(E-μN) over all possible states R of the system, where E is the energy and N is the number of particles in state R. The grand canonical partition function can be written as:
ZG = R e-β(E-μN) (1)
The average number of particles in state r with energy εr is given by:
nr = R nr,R e-β(E-μN) / ZG (2)
where nr,R is the number of particles in state r in state R. To simplify this expression, we use two facts: (i) nr,R can only be 0 or 1 for fermions and any non-negative integer for bosons, and (ii) E = r nr,R εr and N = r nr,R for any state R. Using these facts, we can rewrite equation (2) as:
nr = nr=0 nr e-β(nrεr-μnr) / ZG (3)
This is a geometric series that can be summed up to give:
nr = 1 / (eβ(εr-μ) - 1) (4)
This is the Bose Einstein distribution function, which gives the average number of bosons in state r as a function of its energy εr, the chemical potential μ and the inverse temperature β.
How to Download Bose Einstein Statistics Derivation Pdf?
If you want to download a pdf file that contains the derivation of Bose Einstein statistics and some examples of its applications, you can follow these steps:
Go to https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.04753, which is a paper by Yokoi and Abe that derives Bose Einstein and Fermi Dirac statistics from quantum mechanics using gauge theory.
Click on the "Download PDF" button on the right side of the page.
Save the pdf file on your computer or device.
Open the pdf file and read it.
The pdf file contains 12 pages and covers topics such as perfect decoherence, equal a priori probability, microcanonical and canonical ensembles, gauge symmetry and entanglement. It also provides some references for further reading.
Conclusion
Bose Einstein statistics is a quantum statistical theory that describes the behavior of identical bosons in a system. It can be derived from quantum mechanics using the grand canonical ensemble and some assumptions about indistinguishability and decoherence. Bose Einstein statistics leads to some interesting phenomena such as Bose Einstein condensation, superfluidity and superconductivity. You can download a pdf file that contains the derivation of Bose Einstein statistics and some examples from arXiv.org. ca3e7ad8fd